Energy, Food, and Money:

Changing the Course of the Sixth Mass Extinction

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKS4nz6_6Is

Written And Produced By (in alphabetical order):

Harman Singh Bhullar, Muhammad Reza Abedi Bin Bahram, Olivia Maria Casey*, Christopher John Everett*, Simon Weisbach Gertler, Lillian Moran Haine, Smriti Joneja, Jacob Ramzi Mansour, Joanna Marrufo*, Jennifer Melody Phan, Rebecca Nan Strehlow

*Technical Assembly Team

Part Of The University Of California-Berkeley Freshman & Sophomore Seminar Program

Freshman Seminar Integrative Biology 24-9 (2012) (Instructor Anthony D. Barnosky)

Thanks to:

The generous donors that make the UC Berkeley Freshman & Sophomore Seminar Program possible

Music By Dana Hubbard

The Great Human Race, http://danahubbard.com/cds.html

The Grounds Keepers, http://danahubbard.com/cds.html

The Science Behind The Movie: To Learn More about the Extinction Crisis

Agardy, Tundi, Neville J. Ash, H. David Cooper, Sandra Díaz, Daniel P. Faith, Georgina Mace, Jeffrey A. McNeely, Harold A. Mooney, Alfred A. Oteng-Yeboah, Henrique Miguel Pereira, Stephen Polasky, Christian Prip, Walter V. Reid, Cristián Samper, Peter Johan Schei, Robert Scholes, Frederik Schutyser, Albert van Jaarsveld. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC. http://www.maweb.org/documents/document.354.aspx.pdf

Barnosky, A. D. 2008. Megafauna biomass tradeoff as a driver of Quaternary and future extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105:11543-11548.

Barnosky, A. D. 2009. Heatstroke, Nature in an Age of Global Warming. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

Barnosky, A. D., N. Matzke, S. Tomiya, G. O. U. Wogan, B. Swartz, T. Quental, C. Marshall, J. L. McGuire, E. L. Lindsey, K. C. Maguire, B. Mersey, and E. A. Ferrer. 2011. Has the Earth's sixth mass extinction already arrived? Nature 471:51-57.

Daily, G. C. and K. Ellison. 2002. The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable. Island Press, Washington, D. C.

Ehrlich, P. R. and A. Ehrlich, H. 2008. The Dominant Animal. Island Press, Washington, D. C.

Foley, J. A., R. DeFries, G. P. Asner, C. Barford, G. Bonan, S. R. Carpenter, F. S. C. III, M. T. Coe, G. C. Daily, H. K. Gibbs, J. H. Helkowski, T. Holloway, E. A. Howard, C. J. Kucharik, C. Monfreda, J. A. Patz, I. C. Prentice, N. Ramankutty, and P. K. Snyder. 2005. Global consequences of land use. Science 309:570-574.

Foley, J. A., N. Ramankutty, K. A. Brauman, E. S. Cassidy, J. S. Gerber, M. Johnston, N. D. Mueller, C. O’Connell, D. K. Ray, P. C. West, C. Balzer, E. M. Bennett, S. R. Carpenter, J. Hill, C. Monfreda, S. Polasky, J. Rockström, J. Sheehan, S. Siebert, D. Tilman, and D. P. M. Zaks. 2011. Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature 478:337-342.

Greenberg, P. 2010. Four Fish: The Future of the Last Wild Food. Penguin Books, New York.

Homer-Dixon, T. 2006. The Upside of Down: Catastrophe, Creativity, and the Renewal of Civilization. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

Hughes, J. B., G. C. Daily, and P. R. Ehrlich. 1997. Population Diversity: Its Extent and Extinction. Science 278:689-692.

Jackson, J. B. C. 2008. Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 105:11458–11465.

Pereira, H. M., P. W. Leadley, V. Proença, R. Alkemade, J. P. W. Scharlemann, J. F. Fernandez-Manjarrés, M. B. Araújo, P. Balvanera, R. Biggs, W. W. L. Cheung, L. Chini, H. D. Cooper, E. L. Gilman, S. Guénette, G. C. Hurtt, H. P. Huntington, G. M. Mace, T. Oberdorff, C. Revenga, P. Rodrigues, R. J. Scholes, U. R. Sumaila, and MattWalpole. 2010. Scenarios for Global Biodiversity in the 21st Century. Science 330:1496-1501. www.sciencexpress.org:10.1126/science.1196624.

Pimm, S. L. and T. M. Brooks. 1997. The sixth extinction: How large, where, and when? Pages 46-62 in P. H. Raven and T. Williams, editors. Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

Pimm, S. L., P. Raven, A. Peterson, Ç. H. Sekercioglu, and P. R. Ehrlich. 2006. Human impacts on the rates of recent, present, and future bird extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103:10941–10946.

Pimm, S. L., G. J. Russell, J. L. Gittleman, and T. M. Brooks. 1995. The future of biodiversity. Science 269:347-350.

PRB. 2012. Population projections 2050. Population Reference Bureau http://www.prb.org/:accessed 20 February 2012.

Roberts, P. 2004. The End of Oil. Houghton Mifflin, Boston and New York.

Rockström, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, Å. Persson, I. F. Stuart Chapin, E. F. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. d. Wit, T. Hughes, S. v. d. Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sörlin, P. K.Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, L. Karlberg, R. W. Corell, V. J. Fabry, J. Hansen, B. Walker, D. Liverman, K. Richardson, P. Crutzen, and J. A. Foley. 2009. A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461:472-475.

Steffen, W., Å. Persson, L. Deutsch, J. Zalasiewicz, M. Williams, K. Richardson, C. Crumley, P. Crutzen, C. Folke, L. Gordon, M. Molina, V. Ramanathan, J. Rockström, M. Scheffer, H. J. Schellnhuber, and U. Svedin. 2011. The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 40:739-761.

UNDESA. 2011. World population prospects, the 2010 revision. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Analytical-Figures/htm/fig_1.htm:accessed December 10, 2011.

Vié, J.-C., C. Hilton-Taylor, S. N. Stuart, and (eds.). 2009. Wildlife in a Changing World - An Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Wake, D. B. and V. T. Vredenburg. 2008. Are we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? A view from the world of amphibians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:11466-11473.

Useful Resources On The Web:

Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services:

http://www.ipbes.net/

Convention on Biological Diversity:

http://www.cbd.int/sp/

http://www.cbd.int/gbo3/

Endangered Species:

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/our_work/the_iucn_red_list/

http://www.iucnredlist.org/

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment:

http://www.maweb.org/en/index.aspx

Millennium Alliance for Humanity and the Biosphere (MAHB):

http://mahb.stanford.edu/

Natural Capital:

http://bankofnaturalcapital.com/
http://www.naturalcapitaldeclaration.org/the-declaration/
http://www.naturalcapitalproject.org/InVEST.html
 
Science and Society:
http://www.earthsystemgovernance.org/news/2012-03-15-navigating-anthropocene-improving-earth-system-governance
http://www.desmogblog.com/got-framing-why-scientists-must-pay-attention-communication-science-and-not-just-afterthought
 
International Cooperation:
http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/index.html
http://www.ecology.com/2012/03/20/world%E2%80%99s-largest-transboundary-conservation-area/
 
Poaching:
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/2012/03/20/cameroon-elephant-massacre-poaching-ivory-trade/
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2012/03/26/not-a-normal-killing/
 
Climate Change:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch/
 
Energy:
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/home
http://energybulletin.net/primer.php
 
Food:
Agriculture: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=foley-global-food-production-reduce-environmental-damage-maps
Seafood: http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/seafoodwatch.aspx
 
Human Population Growth:
http://www.prb.org/
http://esa.un.org/wpp/Analytical-Figures/htm/fig_overview.htm
 
Environmental Solutions:
http://environment.umn.edu/momentum/

Image Credits And Sources

Earth face: http://www.iddictive.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/Earth-Face.jpg

Children looking concerned, giant otter, tiger behind fence, sunset: A. D. Barnosky

Poor man in drought: http://internalthreatindia.blogspot.com/

Overcrowded Earth: http://stevehickey.wordpress.com/tag/overpopulationnet/

Pictures of people: http://www.supercoloring.com/pages/people-community/

Faceless crowd: http://www.motherjones.com/files/images/blog_wisdom_crowds.jpg

Deforestation before and after photos: http://scixchange.missouri.edu/blog-post/reduced-deforestation-in-the-amazon/

Asteroid Impact: http://4add.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/elenin2bcomet2blocation2basteroid2bimpact.jpg

T-Rex: http://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/t-rex-rex-3d-model/303082

Atomic explosion: http://ivarfjeld.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/atomic-explosion-4.jpg

Thermus aquaticus: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Thermus_aquaticus.JPG/300px-Thermus_aquaticus.JPG

http://www.songazetehaberleri.com/wp-content/uploads/Thermus-Aquaticus-Bakterisi-%C3%96zellikleri-%C3%96nemi-Nedir.jpg

http://necat.chem.cornell.edu/Structures/2HPI.html

Yellowstone hot springs:  http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=0000+0000+0611+0608

Snake venom: http://science.education.nih.gov/animalresearch.nsf/Story1/Making+Medicines+from+Poisonous+Snakes

Heart medicine: http://ibizaretreats.wordpress.com/sound-healing-retreat/

Tipping point: Original art by Hulda Nelson, UC Berkeley Office of Media Relations

Fork in the road: http://optimumsportsperformance.com/blog/?p=1201

Global effort: http://www.allfreelogo.com/rf-vector/6444800-global-effort-vector.html

Grassroots: http://brandeishighschoolblog.com/?p=2163

International cooperation: http://www.perspectiva.md/en/index.php?id_vn=3

Sea Food Watch: http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/download.aspx

World Flag: http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2011/finalwebsite/solutions/international.shtml

Choices-consumerism: http://barbs-grad-life.blogspot.com/2010/11/grad-life-consumer-choices-ethics-andor.html

Biodiversity World: http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2012/01/biodiversity-crisis-worse-than-climate.html

Problem-Solution: http://www.thinkbigmagazine.com/mindset/171-how-to-live-problem-free

Rhino: http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=0000+0000+1006+0354

Chameleon: http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=0000+0000+0410+1028

Sloth: http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=1335+3153+0668+0018

Box turtle: http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=0000+0000+1105+1485

Depleting resources: http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=0024+3291+2008+0094

Mass agriculture banana plantations: http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=1349+3162+1292+0108

Fish and coral reefs: http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=0000+0000+0910+0462

New York City: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/NYC_wideangle_south_from_Top_of_the_Rock.jpg/800px-NYC_wideangle_south_from_Top_of_the_Rock.jpg

Catskills: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_AOGK87WAhlk/S7LRmOGKpEI/AAAAAAAAJJI/59H9irXiO5o/s1600/catskills.jpg

Water treatment plant: http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module03/images/WTP1.jpg

Bee: http://europeanstudieslund.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/c-natures-desktop-hd-com.jpg

Crowds and growing human population:

http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/photos/03-04-10/03.04%20rally%201%20web.jpg

http://www.theblogismine.com/2011/10/29/the-worlds-population-will-reach-7-billion-people-by-october-31-video/

Moral compass: http://archemdis.wordpress.com/2011/02/22/sailing-by-my-own-moral-compass-means-taking-responsibility-for-my-actions/

Polygenetic tree: http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/LecIntro/TreeTime.jpg

Tree hugger: http://cherylkicksass.blogspot.com/2011/01/tree-hugger-has-millions-of-trees-on.html

Rhinos: http://www.rhinos-irf.org/en/photos/v/14/

Dead rhino: http://www.africa-wildlife-detective.com/rhino-poaching.html

Lioness and cub: http://www.clarkvision.com/galleries/gallery.captive/web/lion.cub.c02.11.2005.jz3f8748.b-700.html

Jane Goodall with chimp: http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/goo1-030

Orange birds: http://levoici.blogspot.com/2011/04/flame-lick.html

Jellyfish: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/07/gallery_marine_species/3/

Creek: http://kayeandjose.blogspot.com/2009/01/beautiful-creek-in-sydney-australia-2.html

Mount Humphreys: http://www.nwf.org/News-and-Magazines/National-Wildlife/PhotoZone/Archives/2002/American-Beauty.aspx

Leopard: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Leopard

Rainforest: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/rainforest-profile/

Desolate forest: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/acid-rain-overview/

Oil: http://www.centrecountyrecycles.com/Recycle/AutoWaste/images/OIL01.gif

Toxic Gas: http://www.signsmart.com.au/goshop/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=1660

Coal: http://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/south-africas-energy-future/

Megafauna loss: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105 (Supp. 1): 11543-11548. http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/barnosky/Barnosky%20PNAS%202008.pdf

Industrial emissions: http://globalwarming2009.blogspot.com/

Cropland use: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v478/n7369/full/nature10452.html

Overfishing: http://greenanswers.com/blog/127207/harvesting-resources-sea

Dolphin bycatch: http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_publ-Newsletter11.asp

Poached rhino: http://rosarubicondior.blogspot.com/2011/11/and-let-them-have-dominion.html

Poached elephant: http://ibgroup4pacificacademy.blogspot.com/

Palm plantation: http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/indonesia-fastest-forest-destroyer.html

Solar and wind energy: http://www.coloradohomeperformance.org/

Nuclear energy: http://ei.lehigh.edu/learners/energy/nuclear2.html

Pollution: http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/pollution-main.html

Global Warming, Oil dredge, Global cooperation: http://globalwarming2009.blogspot.com/

Gorillas: http://www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2007/12/11/1gorilla_narrowweb__300x421,0.jpg

Bluefin tuna: http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2504/3764387095_2b3999f2a0_z.jpg?zz=1

Rhino: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zsLGis1BGCg/TsScs1lAaQI/AAAAAAAAFZQ/oR76NwIpkWY/s1600/BLACK_20RHINO_20CLOSE.jpg

Tigers: http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/photography/Tiger%20Album/WWFImgFullitem4689.jpg

Cycads: http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/south-africa/100305/south-africa-endangered-cycad

California condor: http://www.manataka.org/images/california-condor-in-flight.jpg

Golden toad: http://www.mnn.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/node-gallery-display/golden.jpg

Northern hairy-nosed wombat: http://www.toptenz.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Northern-Hairy-Nosed-Wombat.jpg

Polar bear: http://blog.ospreypacks.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/polar-bear-endangered-rule-obama.jpg

Leatherback turtle: http://www.itsnature.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/leatherback.jpg

Antiguan racer: http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2008/11/16/8-coolest-scaliest-endangered-species/antiguan-racer/

Oil Consumption by country, Coal fire power plants, Fracking oil, Production by country: http://www.earthpulsedaily.net/epd-post/environmental-and-social-impacts-of-coal-oil-gas

Earth Image of industry: http://www.crsd.org/domain/1557

Hot Earth as an egg: http://ecosocialismcanada.blogspot.com/2011/06/can-humans-really-adapt-to-climate.html

Red Earth: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=state-of-the-science-beyond-the-worst-climate-change-case

Evolution of humans: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1324243/Human-evolution-started-Asia-Ancient-ancestor-walked-Sahara-39m-years-ago.html

Deforestation: http://www.greanvillepost.com/2012/02/23/ecocide-genocide-are-the-secret-of-capitalist-efficiency/

War on deforestation: http://www.sustainlane.com/listingPhotos.do?listing=ICYOO9VPZMQQ9HTVHNNZMJ3TXTOI&image=57551

Livestock feeding: http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/chiwonlee/plsc211/student%20papers/articles11/A.Shanahan1/Uses.html

Tractor image: http://www.organicnation.tv/photos/purdue-university-pesticide-program/4962138

Pesticide spraying: http://abcnews.go.com/Health/pesticides-fruits-vegetables-healthy/story?id=13831054#.T55epsRYtyE

Fruits: http://blog.oup.com/2012/01/sciwhys-why-do-we-eat-food/

Bird in tree: http://www.flickr.com/photos/21063695@N05/2100231209/

Blue jay: http://www.flickr.com/photos/21063695@N05/2101012682/in/photostream/

Fisherman on boat, Great white shark, tarantulas, leopard growling: http://lamodeverte.wordpress.com/category/human-action/scientific-research/page/2/

Pandas: http://landsofwisdom.com/?p=2796

Elephant: http://urbannautilus.blogspot.com/2008_11_01_archive.html

Empty Gas tank: http://scitizen.com/in-depth/peak-oil-debate_f-143.html

Pelican in oil: http://animal.discovery.com/tv/gulf-oil-spill/pictures/animals-covered-in-oil.html

Smart crash dummy: http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2011-03/how-it-works-smarter-crash-test-dummy

Globe: http://www.nicta.com.au/business/itl?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=printer

Money tree: http://happierthanever.com/positive-affirmations/affirmations-for-money/

Tiger rug: http://advocacy.britannica.com/blog/advocacy/2007/10/traditional-chinese-medicine-and-endangered-animals/

Bank of Natural Capital: http://www.teebweb.org/

Infinity: http://psychedelicadventure.blogspot.com/2009/11/infinity-ultimate-trip-movie-sacred.html

Deforestation for palm oil: http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2009/10/30/18627188.php

Palm Oil plantation: http://blog.travelpod.com/travel-photo/kateandlindsay/1/1263174635/palm-oil-plantation.jpg/tpod.html

Rainforest: http://www.pandaw.com/product_info.php?p=1030

Rich people: http://www.getloans.com/blog/archives/1037

The future sign: http://blog.bufferapp.com/tweet-cafe-what-is-the-future-of-twitter-discussed-with-tweetsmarter

Future Generations: http://gaianeconomics.blogspot.com/2012/01/who-will-guard-future-generations.html

Hydrogen cell: http://ehybridcarinfo.blogspot.com/2011/10/hydrogen-fuel-cells-energy.html

Nuclear power plant: http://www.chemcases.com/nuclear/nc-10.html

Biofuels: http://www.mediafreedominternational.org/2011/11/23/biofuels-and-world-hunger-the-real-story/

Balance scale: http://photo-dictionary.com/phrase/5227/balance-scale.html#b

Petroleum addiction: http://www.businessweek.com/careers/managementiq/archives/2008/06/is_the_4-day_workweek_the_answer_to_4-gas.html

Biodiversity plants: http://www.brownroofs.co.uk/brown-roof-biodiversity.php

Economic tradeoffs: http://trendsupdates.com/green-technologies-imperative-by-2014-to-prevent-climate-calamity-wwf/

Efficiency: http://www2.qsrmagazine.com/articles/second_location/135/graphics/maximizing_efficiency.jpg

Local foods: http://www.responsibletechnology.org/buy-non-gmo/local-sources

Classroom photo: Brant Ward, San Francisco Chronicle [download photo here]